The main difference between 3, 4, and 5-axis CNC machining lies in the number of directions the cutting tool can move.
1. 3-Axis CNC Machining: The tool moves along three axes — X, Y, and Z (left-right, forward-backward, up-down). It’s ideal for simple tasks like drilling and slotting, but it has limitations when it comes to more complex geometries.
2. 4-Axis CNC Machining: In addition to the three linear axes (X, Y, Z), a fourth axis is added, typically a rotation around the X-axis (A-axis). This allows the tool to rotate around a part, enabling work on multiple sides without repositioning.
3. 5-Axis CNC Machining: This setup includes the three linear axes plus two additional rotational axes, usually around the X (A-axis) and Y-axis (B-axis). It offers the highest flexibility and precision, allowing for complex, contoured parts to be machined in a single setup, which is especially useful in industries like aerospace and medical device manufacturing.
5-axis machines can handle intricate designs that would be difficult or impossible with fewer axes.
What industries use CNC machines?
We all know that CNC stands for Computer Numerical Control. It involves computer programming to control tools and machines.
What’s more, a CNC machine can perform specific tasks with the right coding. So we have to give instructions using codes that then interpret what the machine should do.
This means that there is no need for a physical operator. Instead, the CNC machining process performs the given task until the desired product is achieved. And best of all, the machine does it all by itself!
Before we learn more about 3, 4 and 5-axis machines, let’s look at the basics. CNC machining is used in many industries, including
Automotive
Dental
Aerospace
Computer parts
Fabrication
Tool making
Motorsport Industry
By using it, industries can benefit from
Increase their productivity levels
A guaranteed reduction in the costs associated with production
Increase in production speed
High accuracy of the machine
Ability to work with different types of materials
And that’s it! Now you understand that CNC machining is much more advantageous than manual machining.